Hi everyone. If you’ve been following this blog for any length of time, the question “What is a Compass?” may have crossed your mind!
In this blog post we’ll be covering the basics of what a compass is and what it does with a fun quiz at the end for you to enjoy.
Let’s get started with what a compass actually is with a bit of history.
What is a Compass?
A compass is an instrument used for navigation and orientation that shows direction relative to the geographic cardinal directions (North, East, South, and West).
Generally, a compass is designed with a magnetized needle or group of needles that aligns with Earth’s magnetic field.
Compasses have been used for navigation since the Han Dynasty in China.
The first compasses were made with lodestones, natural magnets that were found in rocks.
The Chinese were using these lodestones for navigation by the 11th century. By the 13th century, dry compasses were being used in Europe.
Dry compasses used a magnetized needle that was free to rotate on a pivot point.
This simple tool consisted of a needle that points to the north pole, which made it an indispensible tool for anyone looking to find their way.
The most common use of a compass is to help people find their way. It is usually used in combination with a map, and can be very helpful in finding your way around unfamiliar territory.
This makes it an ideal tool for navigation, as it can help you find your way even when there are no landmarks to guide you.
Compasses are also an essential tool for hikers, campers, and anyone else who enjoys spending time in the great outdoors.
They are additionally used by sailors, aviators, and others who need to know their exact location.
The north magnetic pole is located in the Arctic and is not always fixed, so compasses have to be frequently calibrated.
Where Did the Compass Originate?
The compass originated during China’s Han Dynasty around the 2nd century BCE.
It was initially used for divination purposes and later adapted for navigation.
The ancient Chinese compass consisted of a magnetic needle floating on water, aligning with Earth’s magnetic field.
Variations of the compass emerged over time and spread globally as an essential navigation tool.
Key Points:
- The compass has its origins in ancient China during the Han Dynasty.
- Initially used for divination, it later became a crucial navigation instrument.
- The Chinese compass featured a floating magnetic needle aligning with Earth’s magnetic field, while variations developed and spread worldwide.
Where Does the Word “Compass”Originate From?
The word “compass” often conjures images of navigational devices pointing north or a tool for drawing circles. But have you ever stopped to think about the origin of the word itself? Let’s explore its fascinating journey through history.
From its Latin roots to its multifaceted modern uses, the word “compass” is as versatile as the device it often describes.
Latin Foundations of “Compass”: Completing the Circle
The term “compass” originates from the Latin “compassus,” which means “a circle” or “a circuit.” It is derived from the Latin verb “comprendere,” which means “to grasp” or “to encompass.”
The original Latin term referred to the act of going around something or completely surrounding it, capturing the essence of what compasses do—encompass or circulate.
“Compass” Medieval Meanings: From Geometry to Navigation
During the medieval period, the term “compass” was used primarily in the context of geometry to describe an instrument used for drawing circles.
It wasn’t until the late Middle Ages that the word also began to refer to the magnetic navigational instrument.
This was an instrumental shift, as navigational compasses played a significant role in sea explorations and territorial discoveries.
Modern Meanings of the Word “Compass”: (More than Just Direction)
Today, the term “compass” is used in a variety of contexts beyond geometry and navigation.
For example, we talk about “moral compass” to describe one’s ethical orientation or “compass points” to refer to the various directions (north, south, east, west) on a map.
What is a Compass Rose?
A compass rose is an illustration on a map or chart or compass that shows the cardinal directions (north, south, east, and west), and often the intermediate directions (northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest).
Other names for a compass rose include wind rose, compass star, and rose of the winds.
Traditionally, a wind rose (which historically preceded the compass rose) was used as a guide on navigator or mariners’ charts to indicate the directions of the eight principal winds.
What are the Different Types of Compasses
There are many different types of compasses available on the market, from simple models that are great for kids to sophisticated units that include features like GPS and altimeters.
Here is a list of the different types of compasses:
- Magnetic Compass – The most common type of compass as described in this article and using a magnetized needle which aligns itself to true North.
- GPS Compass – This type of compass uses a combination of several satellites which circle the earth in geosynchronous orbit to determine location and direction.
- Gyrocompass – These compasses locate true north by determining the axis of the Earth’s rotation. Gyrocompasses are often used in aviation settings where magnetic compasses can be affected by steel located in the hull of sea vessels and distort the magnetic field.
- AstroCompass – These compasses use the position of astronomical bodies to find true north. They are used often in the polar regions where gyro compasses and magnetic compasses are unreliable due to the strong magnetic field (affecting the magnetic compasses) and effects of the rotation of the earth (affecting the gyrocompasses) located in these regions.
Compasses can also be used to triangulate your position.
This means that if you know the general direction of two landmarks, you can use the compass to figure out where you are in relation to those landmarks.
What are Some Common Uses for a Compass?
Compasses are commonly used for navigation, both on land and at sea. They’re also used in surveying and mapping to help determine direction and distance. Hikers and campers also use compasses frequently.
How does a Compass Work?
Compasses work because Earth is a giant magnet. When you hold a compass level and let the needle swing freely, it will line up with Earth’s magnetic field and point toward magnetic north.
Magnetic north is different than true north (the direction toward the North Pole), so you also have to account for declination when using a compass for navigation.
Declination is the angle between magnetic north and true north, and it changes depending on your location.
Compasses work by detecting the Earth’s magnetic field. This field is created by the planet’s molten iron core and is strongest at the poles.
When you hold a compass near the ground, the needle aligns itself with the lines of flux in the Earth’s magnetic field. This alignment allows you to determine which direction is north.
What is the Design of a Compass?
A compass is a small but mighty tool that can fit right in your pocket. The design of a compass consists of several key parts that work together to help us find direction.Let’s take a closer look at its parts:
The Baseplate
This is the flat, usually clear, plastic piece that holds everything together. Some compass baseplates even have a tiny magnifying glass to help you read small print on a map.
The Arrow That Shows the Way
This is called the “Direction-of-Travel Arrow.” It’s a small arrow on the baseplate that you point in the direction you want to go.
To stay on track, line this arrow up with something far away, like a tree or mountain.
The Needle That Loves North
In the middle of the compass, you’ll find a needle that spins around. One end is usually red, and guess what? It always points to the North! This is true regardless of which direction that you are facing. This is called the “Magnetic Needle.”
The (Bezel) or (Housing) on a Compass
Around the needle, there’s a circle that can move. This is known as the “Housing” or “Bezel.” It has numbers from 0 to 360, which are degrees to help you find your way. You can turn it to set your direction or “bearing.”
The Helper Arrow
Some compasses have an extra arrow inside the bezel. This “Orienting Arrow” helps you line up the compass with a map. It makes sure you and your map are both facing the same way.
The Compass Reading Line
There’s a small line on the baseplate where you read the number of degrees from the housing. This is called the “Index Line” or sometimes the “Read Bearing Here” mark.
The Compass Ruler
On the edge of the compass baseplate, you might find a ruler. It can be in inches or centimeters and helps you figure out distances on a map.
As you can see, a compass is a valuable tool for finding directions and navigating your way.
By understanding its design and how to use each part, you can confidently explore and find your way in the great outdoors.
How Do You Use a Compass?
Navigating with a compass might seem daunting, but it’s simpler than you think! This guide will walk you through each step, explaining what to do and why it matters.
What You’ll Need:
- A compass with a baseplate, a rotating bezel, a magnetic needle, and a direction-of-travel arrow.
Step 1: Hold the Compass Flat for Accuracy
What to Do: Hold your compass flat in your palm, ensuring the baseplate is level with the ground.
Why: A flat position ensures the magnetic needle can move freely, giving you an accurate reading.
Step 2: Set to North for a Starting Point
What to Do: Rotate the bezel (the outer circle) until the number 0° aligns with the index line on the baseplate.
Why: This sets your compass to point to magnetic North, which serves as your reference point for all other directions.
Step 3: Align the Needle to Find North
What to Do: Turn your entire body while holding the compass level until the red end of the magnetic needle lines up with the red orienting arrow inside the bezel.
Why: This ensures you are facing magnetic North, giving you a starting direction.
Step 4: Choose Your Direction
What to Do: Decide which direction you want to go (North, South, East, or West) and rotate the bezel so that the corresponding degree aligns with the index line.
Why: This sets your intended direction relative to magnetic North.
Step 5: Turn to Your Chosen Direction
What to Do: Turn your body and the compass until the red end of the magnetic needle aligns again with the red orienting arrow.
Why: Now, the direction-of-travel arrow will point in the direction you want to go.
Step 6: Identify a Landmark for Easy Navigation
What to Do: Look along the direction-of-travel arrow and pick a landmark like a tree or a building in the distance.
Why: Walking toward a landmark simplifies navigation and helps you maintain a straight path.
Step 7: Realign and Confirm
What to Do: Once you reach the landmark, repeat Steps 3 to 6 to ensure you’re still on the right path.
Why: This double-checks your direction and adjusts for any unintentional veering off course.
Step 8: You Made It, Celebrate!
What to Do: Once you reach your destination, give yourself a pat on the back.
Why: You’ve successfully navigated using a compass!
By following these steps and understanding the reasoning behind them, you’ll be well-equipped to navigate any adventure.
What are Some Common Problems when Using a Compass?
Compasses are sensitive to changes in the Earth’s magnetic field, which can be caused by things like electrical storms or solar flares.
If there is a sudden change in the field, the needle will swing around until it re-aligns itself.
Some other common problems associated with using a compass include:
- Inaccurate readings due to interference from metal objects or electricity
- Incorrect calibration
- And broken needles
What are Some Safety Tips for Using a Compass?
If you’re using a compass for navigation, it’s important to be aware of your surroundings and have a good understanding of map reading skills.
It’s also important to keep your compass away from metal objects, as they can interfere with its accuracy.
In Summary
At its most basic, a compass is simply a device that uses the Earth’s magnetic field to locate or find a desired direction such as North, South, East, or West.
Other directions such as Northwest, Southwest, and other variations can be located as well.
A compass is an essential tool for anyone who loves spending time outdoors. Whether you’re hiking, camping, or just exploring your own backyard, a compass can help you find your way.
There are many different types of compasses available on the market today, from basic models that can be used for hiking to more sophisticated ones that are designed for use in more extreme conditions.
No matter what your needs are, there’s sure to be a compass that’s perfect for you. So next time you head out into the great outdoors, make sure you bring along your trusty compass!
If you would like to learn more in depth about compasses and further expand your knowledge, we highly recommend The Compass Dude!
Related Questions
What is a compass and how does it work?
A compass is a navigational instrument that helps you determine the direction of the Earth’s magnetic north pole.
It works based on the interaction between the magnetic needle in the compass and the Earth’s magnetic field.
The needle is magnetized and suspended on a pivot point so that it can rotate freely.
The magnetic north pole attracts one end of the needle, which causes it to align with the magnetic field and point towards the Earth’s magnetic north.
The most important thing to remember and really all you need to know is this: No matter which direction you are facing while holding a compass, the magnetic moving arrow will always point North.
This means if you are facing west and holding a compass, the arrow will point to your right.
If you are facing east while holding a compass in your hand, the arrow will point to your left.
And if you are facing south while holding a compass, the arrow will point towards you.
- A compass is a navigational tool that helps you determine the direction of the Earth’s magnetic north pole.
- It works based on the interaction between the magnetic needle in the compass and the Earth’s magnetic field.
- The magnetic north pole attracts one end of the needle, causing it to align and point towards the Earth’s magnetic north.
How is compass used to find direction?
To use a compass to find direction, hold the compass level in your hand and keep it away from any magnetic or metallic objects that could interfere with the magnetic needle’s movement.
Turn the compass housing until the north end of the needle is aligned with the orienting arrow.
The direction of travel is then indicated by the direction of the compass housing relative to the magnetic needle.
- Hold the compass level in your hand and keep it away from magnetic or metallic objects.
- Turn the compass housing until the north end of the needle aligns with the orienting arrow.
- The direction of travel is indicated by the direction of the compass housing relative to the magnetic needle.
Can you tell which way is north without a compass?
Yes, there are several ways to determine north without a compass, such as:
- The shadow method: Place a stick upright in the ground and mark the tip of its shadow. Wait 10-15 minutes and mark the tip of the shadow again. Draw a straight line between the two marks, and it will point east-west. The line bisects the angle between the two marks and points north-south.
- The moss method: Moss tends to grow on the north side of trees in the northern hemisphere, as it receives less sunlight. Look for moss on trees or rocks, and it can indicate north.
- The Polaris method: At night, locate the North Star (Polaris) in the sky. It is directly above the Earth’s North Pole.
- The shadow, moss, and Polaris methods can be used to determine north without a compass. These methods, however should not be solely relied upon if you are in unknown territory or if your survival is at risk.
Why does a compass always point north?
A compass always points north because of the Earth’s magnetic field.
The Earth’s magnetic field is created by the motion of molten iron in the Earth’s core, which produces a magnetic field that extends from the North Pole to the South Pole.
The magnetic needle in a compass aligns itself with this magnetic field and points towards the Earth’s magnetic north pole.
- A compass arrow always points north because of the Earth’s magnetic field.
- The magnetic needle in a compass aligns itself with the Earth’s magnetic field and points towards the Earth’s magnetic north pole.
Bonus Quiz: Test Your Compass Knowledge!
1. What is a compass?
A. An object that is used to determine direction
B. A device that is used to measure distance
C. A tool that is used to find your location
D. A device that is used to measure the weather
2. How long has the compass been in use?
A. Since the 11th century
B. Since the 16th century
C. Since the 18th century
D. Since the 20th century
3. How does a compass work?
A. By using the sun’s position
B. By using the stars’ positions
C. By using the Earth’s magnetic field
D. By using GPS
4. What were the first compasses made of?
A. Gold
B. Silver
C. Lodestone
D. Mercury
5. What are the four cardinal directions?
A. North, south, east, and west
B. Northeast, northwest, southeast, and southwest
C. East, northwest, north, and south
D. Up, down, left, and right
6. What is declination?
A. The difference between true north and magnetic north
B. The difference between true north and grid north
C. The difference between magnetic north and grid north
D. The difference between east and west
7. What are some of the modern uses of a compass?
A. For surveying
B. For hiking and camping
C. For mapping
D. For all of the above
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